ပြီးခဲ့တဲ့ ၂၀၂၅ ခုနှစ်၊ နှစ်စမှာ Website ရေးတာကို သေချာလေ့လာမယ်ဆိုပြီး ဟိုရှာဒီရှာလုပ်ရင်း Hugo ကိုတွေ့ခဲ့တယ်။ Hugo ဟာ အရမ်းမြန်ပြီး Static Stie Generation (SSG) အတွက် ဘာမှပြောစရာမရှိအောင် ကောင်းလွန်းပါတယ်။ အခုဒီကျနော့်ရဲ့ Personal Website ဖြစ်တဲ့ https://minsoehan.com ကိုလည်း Hugo နဲ့ ရေးထားပါတယ်။ သို့သော် Server Site Rendering (SSR) ကိုပါလိုချင်ရင်တော့ တခြား တစ်ခုကို ရှာရပါတယ်။ အဲ့သည့်မှာ Astro တွေ့တာပါပဲ။ တခြားဟာတွေ သုံးဖူး သိဖူးလို့ ရွေးခဲ့တာမျိုးမဟုတ်ပါဘူး။ Astro ရဲ့ website မှာ “The web framework for content-driven websites” ဆိုပြီး ရေးထားလို့ ရွေးခဲ့တာဖြစ်ပါတယ်။ SSR လည်းရမယ်၊ content-driven ဖြစ်လို့ static post တွေလည်း အများကြီး တင်လို့ရမယ်ဆိုတဲ့ အတွေးနဲ့ ရွေးခဲ့တာပါ။ အရွေးမှန်ခဲ့ပါတယ်။

Website တစ်ခုကို တင်ဖို့ အရင်ကလို Hosting ဝယ်ပြီး Wordpress လုပ်ဖို့ဆိုတာက ခေတ်မမီတော့ဘူး ထင်တာပဲ။ ဒါကြောင့် ကိုယ်ဖန်တီးထားတဲ့ website ကိုတင်ဖို့ Codeberg Pages နဲ့ GitHub Pages တို့ကို စမ်းခဲ့တယ်။ ကောင်းကြပါတယ်။ အဲ့သည့်နောက် Google ရဲ့ Firebase ကိုလည်း စမ်းခဲ့ဖူးတယ်။ နောက်ဆုံးမှာတော့ Cloudflare ကိုပဲ သုံးဖြစ်ခဲ့တယ်။ အခုချိန်မှာတော့ Cloudflare ရဲ့ Cloudflare Pages နဲ့ Workers တွေအပြင် R2 နဲ့ Zero Trust တို့ဟာ မရှိမဖြစ် သုံးနေရတဲ့ ဝန်ဆောင်မှုတွေ ဖြစ်နေပါပြီ။ MGMAemp ကို Astro + Cloudflare နဲ့ တည်ဆောက်ထားတာ ဖြစ်ပြီး R2 နဲ့ Zero Trust ကိုလည်း သုံးထားရပါတယ်။ ဒီနေရာမှာ Astro + Cloudflare အတွဲကို ရွေးချယ်လိုက်မိတဲ့ အဖြစ်ကို အံ့ဩမိတာပါ။

This is my collection of my tips and tricks for writing Bash or Dash scripts. These are what I understood after many years of using linux and writing the scripts.

Immediate Return

If Bash is waiting for a command to complete and receives a signal for which a trap has been set, it will not execute the trap until the command completes. If Bash is waiting for an asynchronous command via the wait builtin, and it receives a signal for which a trap has been set, the wait builtin will return immediately with an exit status greater than 128, immediately after which the shell executes the trap.
↳ https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/Signals.html

It is simple but innovative and complicated logic. Movement is in new method by pressing Enter. The indicators in the prompt line, @ [0%]: shows the direction, @ is downward and # is upward. And 0 is movement lock off, LOCKED=0 and 1 is movement lock on, LOCKED=1. % is where input letter is to appear. In this script, the chain of variables acting like toggle and relative switches is the best.

In Sway, swaymsg -m is to monitor (watch) events. For example, swaymsg -m -t subscribe '["window"]' is to watch (monitor) window event in Sway. Sway (5), Sway-ipc (7) and swaymsg (1) man pages are to read.

Based on event monitoring of swaymsg -m -t subscribe '["window", "input"]', the following script was written to implement per-window keyboard layout in sway.

#!/bin/dash

if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]; then
    exit 0
fi
trap 'rm "$LOGFI"' EXIT
trap 'exit 0' INT
SCRIPTNAME="$(basename -- "$0")"
if pidof -x "$SCRIPTNAME" -o "$$"; then
    pkill -INT "$SCRIPTNAME"
    exit 0
fi
MSHTD=/tmp/minsoehan.msh.9.d
LOGFI="$MSHTD"/mswaykbd.log
KBID="1:1:AT_Translated_Set_2_keyboard"
mkdir -p "$MSHTD"
echo "0:0" > "$LOGFI"
swaymsg -m -t subscribe '["window", "input"]' | jq -r --unbuffered '
    if .change == "close" then
        "CLOSE:" + (.container.id | tostring)
    elif .change == "focus" then
        "FOCUS:" + (.container.id | tostring)
    elif .input.identifier == "'$KBID'" then
        "KBLCH:" + (.input.xkb_active_layout_index | tostring)
    else
        empty
    end' | while read -r EVENT; do
    TYPE=$(echo "$EVENT" | cut -d ':' -f 1)
    VALU=$(echo "$EVENT" | cut -d ':' -f 2)
    case $(echo "$EVENT" | cut -d ':' -f1) in
        "CLOSE")
            TODELE="$VALU"
            ;;
        "FOCUS")
            PREEVT=$(tail -n 2 "$LOGFI" | head -n 1)
            PRECTN=$(echo "$PREEVT" | cut -d ':' -f 1)
            if [ "$VALU" -eq "$PRECTN" ]; then
                PREKBL=$(echo "$PREEVT" | cut -d ':' -f 2)
            else
                PREKBL=$(grep ^"$VALU": "$LOGFI" | tail -n 1 | cut -d ':' -f 2)
            fi
            if [ -z "$PREKBL" ]; then
                PREKBL=0
            fi
            NOWKBL=$(swaymsg -t get_inputs | jq -r --arg id "$KBID" '.[] | select(.identifier == $id) | .xkb_active_layout_index')
            if [ "$PREKBL" -ne "$NOWKBL" ]; then
                swaymsg input type:keyboard xkb_switch_layout "$PREKBL"
            fi
            echo "${VALU}:${PREKBL}" >> "$LOGFI"
            if [ -n "$TODELE" ]; then
                sed -i "/^${TODELE}:/d" "$LOGFI"
                unset TODELE
            fi
            ;;
        "KBLCH")
            CTNID=$(swaymsg -t get_tree | jq -r '.. | try select(.focused == true) | .id')
            echo "${CTNID}:${VALU}" >> "$LOGFI"
            ;;
    esac
done

And the following script is to have keyboard layout id on the status bar:

For me, it took many years to understand trap and signal for immediate updating in status on a bar like swaybar. According to gnu bash manual, it can be understood that sleep [n] & and wait $! is key to implement mechanism of immediate trigger in status blocks. Importantly, wait $! must be right after sleep command with & for going into background, for example, sleep 9 &:

...
sleep 9 &
wait $!
...

Note: $! is process id (pid) of previous command.

Awk is a programming language that can handle and manipulate data. Suppose we have the following data file.

orange 22.5 0
banana 19.5 12
apple 23.0 0
mango 25.0 30
papaya 22.5 25

Print only certain field, first field for instance.

awk '{print $1}' datafile.txt

Print the lines (the whole line, $0) with value at third field is greater than 0.

awk '$3 > 0 {print $0}' datafile.txt

Do some maths (value at second field is multiplied by value at third field) and print.

ငယ်ငယ်က Windows XP ဆိုတာ အတော်ကြားခဲ့ရဖူးတာ မှတ်မိကြလိမ့်မည်။ တော်တော် လူကြိုက်များခဲ့ပုံ ဖြစ်သည်။ အဲ့သည့်နောက် Windows 7၊ ပြီးတော့ Windows 10။ သူတို့ကြားထဲ Windows Vista, Windows 8 ဆိုတာတွေလည်း ရှိခဲ့သည်။ သို့သော် လူကြိုက်များခဲ့ကြပုံမပေါ်။

Windows Version များ တစ်ခုပြီးတစ်ခု ခေတ်ကုန်သွားခဲ့သည်။ ယခု Window 10 လည်း ခေတ်ကုန်သွားခဲ့ပြီ။ Microsoft သည် Windows 10 ကို ၂၀၂၅ ခုနှစ်၊ အောက်တိုဘာလ ၁၄ ရက်နေ့မှစ၍ Support ရပ်လိုက်ပြီဖြစ်ကြောင်း ကြေငြာခဲ့သည်။

Windows 10 has reached the end of support on October 14, 2025. At this point technical assistance, feature updates and security updates is no longer provided. If you have devices running Windows 10, we recommend upgrading them to Windows 11, a more modern, secure, and highly efficient computing experience. If devices do not meet the technical requirements to run on Windows 11, we recommend that you enroll in the Windows 10​​​​​​​ Consumer Extended Security Updates (ESU) program or replace the device with one that supports Windows 11.
↳ Windows 10 support has ended on October 14, 2025

Progressive Web Apps (PWAs) are web apps built and enhanced with modern APIs to deliver enhanced capabilities, reliability, and installability while reaching anyone, anywhere, on any device, all with a single codebase.

Reads

https://developers.google.com/codelabs/pwa-in-play#0
https://web.dev/learn/pwa/
https://github.com/GoogleChromeLabs/bubblewrap/tree/main/packages/cli https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/Progressive_web_apps

Steps

1. Make Website PWA Ready
2. Build PWA using bubblewrap
3. Signing the App

1. Make Website PWA Ready

Create /app.webmanifest file with the following content:

{
  "name": "MGMAemp",
  "short_name": "MGMAemp",
  "start_url": "/",
  "scope": "/",
  "icons": [
    {
      "src": "/favicon/web-app-manifest-192x192.png",
      "sizes": "192x192",
      "type": "image/png",
      "purpose": "maskable"
    },
    {
      "src": "/favicon/web-app-manifest-512x512.png",
      "sizes": "512x512",
      "type": "image/png",
      "purpose": "maskable"
    }
  ],
  "theme_color": "#ffffff",
  "background_color": "#ffffff",
  "display": "standalone"
}

Suggestion Online favicon generators like https://realfavicongenerator.net/ generates not only favicons, but also site.webmanifest file with PWA basic content:

Image processing became essential part of web development nowadays. It is my way of image processing in Arch Linux with following steps:

1. Resizing big image before optimizing using ImageMagic or FFmpeg
2. Optimizing image using:
   • jpegoptim for JPG
   • pngquant for PNG or
   • optipng for PNG or
   • oxipng for PNG or
   • Squoosh or Squoosh GitHub of Google for JPG and PNG
3. Convert image to webp format using cwebp of libwebp

Install Required Software in Arch Linux

pacman -S jpegoptim pngquant libwebp libwebp-utils

Resize Image

Using ImageMagic